Horses, Dogs, and Falcons

Inspired by Tower of the Archmage's post on dog breeds, and designed to run with my basic system for combat and overland movement. I wanted to set up a system for animal ownership that reflected the same ideas of simplified accuracy, and gave each animal breed a bit of personality.

Animals

A variety of domesticated animals are available to assist the intrepid adventurer, merchant, or soldier. Mainstays are equines, dogs, and falcons. Animal prices are expressed in silvers per HP – healthier and tougher animals, of course, being worth more. Most animals consume animal rations, which weigh 1 stone and cost 1 silver piece, but dogs and falcons can both eat human iron rations.

All animals gain a +2 morale bonus when their master is present. A new master must be designated by spending a full month with the animal. Additionally, animals have their own reaction rolls toward NPCs, and must pass a Morale check to avoid attacking or fleeing on a 2, or in order to attack on a 12. They gain XP as normal and level up with the noted effects. Leveling also doubles their value. Animals must pass a Morale check to do anything other than fight or move with their master, with a -1 penalty applied for each word after the first.

Animal base saves are all 16 by default, though their base Might save increases by 1 for every 10 hit points they have. They cannot normally improve their saves.

Most animals have marching speeds equal to humans, but begin Forced Marches on their second march, rather than their third. Horses have marching speeds of 24/18/8 miles per Watch. Animals can be pastured for a full Watch, which in favorable environments fills 1/3 of their upkeep needs.

Equines

Horses are usually sold at 4 years, and begin aging at 20 years, penalized every two years. Mules and donkeys begin aging at 30 years, penalized every three years. Failed saves reduce HP by 2, encumbrance by 1, and running/sprinting speed by 2’. Horses can jump 4’ obstacles with a Will save, -1 per 6” of extra height. Failure means a 50/50 chance of shying away (with the rider passing a STR check or falling off) or crashing into the obstacle, inflicting 1d10 damage on both horse and rider. 

DRAFT HORSE
Phlegmatic, thickset horses for plowing or milling.
Price (per HP): 20sp
HP: 5d6
Encumbrance: 8/16/32 stone
Attack: 1@1d8
Defense: 8, Large Size
Morale: 6
March Speed: 4/8/12
Run Speed: 60’
Special: -
Upkeep: 3 animal rations, 15 water rations

ROUNCEY
A basic light riding horse or warhorse.
Price (per HP): 20sp
HP: 5d6
Encumbrance: 7/13/26 stone
Attack: 1@1d8
Defense: 10, Large Size
Morale: 7
March Speed: 8/16/24
Run Speed: 70’
Special: -
Upkeep: 2 animal rations, 15 water rations

PALFREY
Comfortable, easy-to-control riding horses.
Price (per HP): 20sp
HP: 5d6
Encumbrance: 7/13/26 stone
Attack: 1@1d6
Defense: 8, Large Size
Morale: 4
March Speed: 7/13/26
Run Speed: 60’
Special: All mastering & training only takes 1 month
Upkeep: 2 animal rations, 15 water rations

CHARGER
Fast cavalry horses, the most common type in war.
Price (per HP): 30sp
HP: 5d6
Encumbrance: 8/16/32 stone
Attack: 1@1d10
Defense: 14, Large Size
Morale: 8
March Speed: 8/16/24
Run Speed: 70’
Special: -
Upkeep: 3 animal rations, 20 water rations

JENNET
A small, quick desert horse, with low upkeep.
Price (per HP): 30sp
HP: 5d6
Encumbrance: 7/13/26 stone
Attack: 1@1d6
Defense: 14, Large Size
Morale: 8
March Speed: 8/16/32
Run Speed: 80’
Special: -
Upkeep: 2 animal rations, 12 water rations

DESTRIER
Heavy, highly prized battle horses.
Price (per HP): 90sp
HP: 6d6
Encumbrance: 8/16/32 stone
Attack: 1@1d10, 1@1d6
Defense: 14, Large Size
Morale: 8
March Speed: 4/8/12
Run Speed: 70’
Special: -
Upkeep: 3 animal rations, 20 water rations

MULE
A mix between a horse and a donkey.
Price (per HP): 15sp
HP: 4d6
Encumbrance: 8/15/30 stone
Attack: 1@1d6
Defense: 10, Large Size
Morale: 7
March Speed: 4/8/12
Run Speed: 60’
Upkeep: 1 animal ration, 12 water rations

DONKEY
Light, clever pack animals.
Price (per HP): 10sp
HP: 4d6
Encumbrance: 4/8/16 stone
Attack: 1@1d6
Defense: D10
Morale: 5
March Speed: 4/8/12
Run Speed: 70’
Upkeep: ½ animal ration, 8 water rations

Birds

Birds are sold at 2 years, and begin aging at 10 years. Failed saves reduce HP and Attack Bonus by 1. Birds fly and soar instead of sprinting and running, respectively, and must fly before soaring. They all have encumbrance of 1. Leveled birds increase their defenses and attack bonus by 1, and their fly speed by 4’.

FALCON
Price (per HP): 10sp
HP: 1d6
Attack: 1@1d6
Defense: D15, Ranged 18
Morale: 6
Fly Speed: 150’
Upkeep: 1 meat ration, 1 water ration
Special: +4 attack bonus while diving

RAVEN
Price (per HP): 10sp
HP: 1d4
Attack: 1@1d4
Defense: D15, Ranged 22
Morale: 6
Fly Speed: 150’
Upkeep: -
Special: Small size, +2 Will & Wile saves

Dogs

Dogs Run and Sprint at 50’ rather than 40’, and have Swimming at 30’.  All have upkeep of 1 meat and 1 water ration, and encumbrance of 3 stone (though objects weigh triple for them). Dogs with 2d6 HP weigh 8 stone, and with 2d4 HP, 4 stone. Dogs are usually purchased at 2 years old, and must begin making Will saves against the effects of aging at 10 years, penalized each passing year. Failed saves reduce HP by 1, and running/sprinting speed by 2’.

GUARD DOG
Mastiffs, Rottweilers, Dobermans, German Shepards, & Bulldogs.
Big, strong, relatively intelligent.
Price (per HP): 4sp
HP: 2d6
Attack: 1@1d8, +1 bonus
Defense: 12
Morale: 7
Special: +1 encumbrance
Leveling: +1 HP, Might, AB, & Melee Defense

SHEEPDOG
Collies, Shepards, even Corgis and Dalmatians. Smaller, faster, smarter. Independent.
Price (per HP): 3sp
HP: 2d4
Attack: 1@1d6
Defense: 12, Missile 13
Morale: 7
Special: Wile save vs. Surprise
Leveling: +1 HP, Run speed, Wile

BIRD DOG
Setters, pointers, retrievers, even early poodles. Loyal, energetic, but disciplined.
Price (per HP): 4sp
HP: 2d4
Attack: 1@1d6
Defense: 13
Morale: 7
Special: Swimming 60’
Leveling: +30’ Swimming, +1 HP, Morale

HOUND
Hunting and tracking dog, for flushing out game. Best sense of smell.
Price (per HP): 4sp
HP: 2d6
Attack: 1@1d6
Defense: 12
Morale: 7
Special: Examination, per the skill
Leveling: +1 HP, AB, Examination

GREYHOUND
Includes Whippets and other racing/sight hunting dogs.
Price (per HP): 5sp
HP: 2d6
Attack: 1@1d6
Defense: 13
Morale: 7
Special: Run/Sprint 60’
Leveling: +1 HP, AB, & +2’ Run Speed

TERRIER
Small but stubborn. Vermin hunters.
Price (per HP): 3sp
HP: 2d4
Attack: 1@1d6
Defense: 12, Missile 13, Light Armor
Morale: 7
Leveling: +1 HP, Melee Defense, Attack Bonus

LAPDOG
Luxury, toy dogs for rich people.
Price (per HP): 5gp
HP: 1d4
Attack: 1@1
Defense: 12
Morale: 7
Special: Very fancy, weigh 1 stone
Leveling: +1 HP & triple value

Augmenting Age

Character age is at once an actually pretty important attribute and also one that gets pretty half-assed. Who doesn't usually glance at the field and pick a random number between twenty and thirty? 

Obviously, nobody thinks about the choice because the choice isn't made to matter very much, except in the extreme long-term of avoiding the aging penalties you receive at 50. For this reason, there's no mechanical sense in choosing any age other than the minimum the GM lets you get away with. But I don't think it's worth figuring out some sort of life events table that scales with your age and you have to make an excel spreadsheet just to calculate.

So, money. How about one extra copper at character generation for each of your first twenty years? And, one silver piece for each year after, till you're 50, then you get 1 GP per year. Age becomes a little bit of a Faustian bargain - more immediate power right now, during character generation, in return for bringing dementia and incontinence just a little bit closer. 

Is it balanced? Using my 1:10:40 GP:SP:CP standard, a 55 year old character would effectively get 85+3d6x10 silvers at character generation. Probably not enough to balance out the chance of losing five points of attributes. But maybe enough to merit some thought about it.

Calibrating This Shit

As Charles Taylor says, realism in the game provides a vital frame of reference for the player to be able to predict the effects of their actions, and, more importantly, put the unrealistic elements in their proper context. I'd rather have a few rules, tightly webbed and absolutely realistic, than a whole lot of quasi-fantastical and independent systems.
Finally, I have an hour and a half commute every morning, so I have little else to do but sit on the bus and consider the internal consistency of my system. So I calibrate shit.

Walking

Let's start with walking. In a combat round of six seconds, the average character can take four actions. Walking 5 feet is one action. Walking is, of course, something every player will be familiar with, so it had better work the way we expect it to.

So, you'll walk 20' in six seconds, or 200' per minute. This gets you to 5,280', a full mile, in 26.4 minutes - or about 2.3 miles per hour. This is a tad on the slow end - average human walking speed is 3 mph - but it comports with marching speed, which is a bit over 2 miles per hour over varied terrain. It's a nice, leisurely stroll - or an aware, steady advance. Realistic.

My marching speeds for unencumbered/encumbered/overencumbered people are currently 4/2/1 miles per hour, respectively - putting combat walking in the "encumbered" category. To be fair, 2 miles per hour versus 2.3 miles per hour adds up to a loss of about two and a half miles over the course of a day - but cross-country marching isn't a completely continuous slog. Internally consistent.

Running and Sprinting

Time to take it up a notch. The average human can run at 5-8 miles per hour, and sprint at around twelve to fourteen. Originally, I had running take 1d4 actions for 25' of movement, but that put "running" speed at a measly 4.5 miles per hour. I'll have to balance running speeds (1d4 actions), sprinting speeds (2d4 take lowest), and top speed (which is when every roll comes up 1).

Before we begin, I'd like to mention the rationale for a roll-to-sprint system: The uncertainty it introduces really allows me to run chases and pursuits using the combat system, pretty much unchanged, and I think it does a good job of reflecting the importance of reflexes, momentum, balance, and footing in short-distance running.

The average "run" will use up 2.5 actions, which allows for 16 runs per minute. At 40' per run, we get 640' run per minute, netting you a mile in eight minutes, fifteen seconds. This gets you 7.27 miles per hour - close to the upper average! Ideally I'd want it a bit closer to the 6 MPH mark, but it's not really a big deal.

The average of 2d4, take lowest, is 1.875 (about a 25% action cost reduction). That's 21 and 1/3 "sprints" per minute, or a 33% speed increase, for 9.7 MPH. Admittedly, this isn't a huge leap ahead of running speed, but you'll be getting top speed 80% of the time, rather than 25% of the time, which is a big advantage over short distances - exactly the balance I'd want to have.

Top speed means that you get four moves of 40', or 160' a round, 1600' per minute. That's a 3.3 minute mile! You're running at 18 miles an hour, mate. Of course, to run even a third of a mile at top speed, you'll need to roll 1 on 1d4 at least 40 times. The percentage chance of that happening on a normal run has twenty-five zeroes in it. Even while sprinting, with an 80% chance of reaching top speed each sprint, you only have a 0.0001% of getting any significant distance out of it. Which, of course, is how it should be.

The Fast Runner

You get bonus actions based on your Dexterity modifier in my system, which means a maximum of 7 actions per Round, or 75% faster movement. I'm not so concerned about the effects that a negative DEX modifier will have - crippled characters are going to be crippled, after all - but obviously we don't want a few extra points of DEX turning your character into some kind of freakish superhuman.

Which, luckily, it doesn't seem to. Walking speed, with 7 actions, is 4.03 MPH. Running speed is 12.7 MPH. Sprinting is 16.7 MPH. Pretty much all of this is in line with what I'd expect. Walking speed does tend to imply a significantly faster marching speed, but remember that long-distance marching is more an issue of endurance than speed,

Finally, the Fast Runner's top speed clocks at 31.5 MPH - faster than Usain Bolt, though not by much. This is actually a lot less realistic - modern sprinters have access to technology and training techniques that allow them to greatly increase fast-twitch muscle mass, and can thus attain significantly faster speeds than any pre-industrial sprinter. Of course, I'd rather err on the side of letting lucky player characters outstrip Usain Bolt for a few rounds, so I'll accept this quirk of the system.

Endurance

I account for fatigue and exhaustion by folding it into an encumbrance-by-stone system. Both fatigue and exhaustion are treated as a "phantom" stone of carried weight, which you can only rid yourself of by resting for a Turn or sleeping for two hours, respectively. Regular encumbrance is at 5 stones, with the max at 10 stones.

Walking (and even running) have no associated endurance or fatigue penalties, since I want each to be as simple and straightforward as possible. Over long distances, each fits easily into normal march rules, and long-distance running is easily accounted for as forced marching, which I handle by allowing the players to move into a faster march speed level than their encumbrance would normally allow, by quadrupling the rate of exhaustion.

I require sprinters to pass a STR check every sprint, or else lose any defensive bonuses and get reduced to AC6. Fumbling is possible (1 in 20 chance normally, goes up to 4 in 20 when overencumbered), which in my system usually just adds a stone of fatigue. The character can expect 21.33 sprints per minute, and 6 minutes, 11.25 seconds per mile, gaining 1.07 stones of fatigue each minute.

However, by the end of the third minute, she'll have 3 stones of fatigue and will move from "unencumbered" to "encumbered," fumbling 2 out of 10 times. (From here on out I'm going to let my precision slide a bit.) During the fourth minute of sprinting, she'll gain two stones of fatigue, making her "overencumbered" for the fifth minute. At the end of the fifth minute, she'll have gained four more stones of fatigue (fumbling 4 in 20 times!) putting her at 9 stones. This means that, fifteen seconds into the final stretch, she'll need to roll Might saves every Round to even continue sprinting - otherwise she'll be forced to the ground, resting for at least an hour and a half in order to return to zero fatigue, never having even reached the mile mark.

Someone with 18 CON (which puts base encumbrance to 8 stone) would be able to do it - she could sprint for four minutes before becoming encumbered, and would only gain her eighth stone in the sixth minute - finishing the mile on time. with enough wind for two more minutes of continuous sprinting.

I don't know that this is absolutely realistic, but there's definitely a reason why sprint races cap off at 400 meters! Anyway, a good long-distance sprint in this system would be a half-mile in about three minutes, which would require a half hour of resting to get back to tip-top shape. That sounds good enough for me.

Running a Marathon

Marathons are 26 miles, and the world records are all a few minutes under two hours - which comports with the Fast Runner's running speed of 12.7 MPH. Of course, these are extraordinary cases - marathons are better handled with marching speeds.

Most competent marathon runners aim to run a four-hour marathon, and 2% of them breach three hours. Unencumbered marching speed is 4 MPH, which is a six-and-a-half hour marathon - clearly, we have to kick it up a notch. A 6 MPH forced march - at 1 stone of exhaustion per hour - gets you across the finish line in 4 hours, 20 minutes, and an 8 MPH double-time (1 stone per turn) will be 3 hours, 15 minutes, at 7 stones. Good enough - it provides enough of a baseline to estimate exhaustion and times if someone wants to actually race in a marathon, it's easy to remember (+2 MPH when forced-marching), and it's consistent, with 6 MPH being just under running speed and 8 MPH just over.

Fighting
You can fumble in combat! Surprise surprise! You'll be rolling 10 attacks per minute, with a 1 in 20 chance of fumbling - giving you a stone of fatigue every two minutes. At six minutes, on average, you'll cross into "encumbered" territory, averaging one new stone per minute. At eight minutes, you'll be "overencumbered" and gain, on average, a stone of fatigue every 30 seconds. You'll start to collapse from exhaustion after 10 minutes, 30 seconds of continuous fighting - 105 rounds. Not having done fencing or medieval reenactment (only paintball), I couldn't tell you exactly how accurate it is, but it's on a similar scale to sprinting, and is easy to remember, and easily accommodates the effects of excess weight on your combat endurance. The idea that, after six minutes of continuous fighting, you're really starting to push your limits makes intuitive sense to me.

Sneaking
Sneaking is the skill used to move without drawing attention to yourself, and I record it in feet per minute - this being how fast you can move before making a ruckus. As a Level 1 Trickster, you get 20' per minute, going up by 20' each time you level up and decide to improve Sneaking.
20' per minute is two feet per round, or four inches per Action - the slowest flat crawl. (Although, since it's notated as a per-minute speed, it also accounts for quick dashes between cover). By Level 10, however, said Trickster can Sneak at 200' per minute, which means their normal walking is completely silent. And at level 20, she'll Sneak at 400' per minute, or about 4.6 MPH - a brisk jog!

Since you can double-time with a DEX check, you can effectively attempt to Sneak at normal speed by level 5, while a 20th-level Trickster can basically Sprint silently, with up to 800' per minute/9.2 MPH Sneaking, which is obviously pretty fantastical. This meshes perfectly with my intended level scaling, where 10th level is intended to comport with the best that heroes could have accomplished in the real world, and all the levels beyond that representing states of increasing mystical perfection. Since double-timing a skill like this adds 1d4 guaranteed stones of fatigue, it remains a poor substitute for normal sprinting when simply looking at speed.

Swimming
Base swim speed is 30' per minute, or 3' per round, increasing in those same increments. This starts you at about 0.3 MPH, whereas the fastest swimmers can reach 5-6 MPH - which, of course, comports exactly with the swim skill in my system. A 10th level Trickster fully trained in Swimming moves at 3 MPH in the water, and at 20th level she'll reach 6 MPH.

Sprinting, of course, doubles these speeds - a 10th level swimmer can sprint at similar speeds to Michael Phelps, while the 20th level will actually be a bit faster in the water than she is on land.

Climbing
I'm the least familiar with climbing techniques, so I'll use some speed climbing records as a reference point. The 2007 record (since broken) on El Capitan, a 2900 foot climb, took about 165 minutes - about 17 feet per minute on average, though the climbers were reported to do most of the climb at 20 feet per minute. Half Dome, at 2,000 feet, has been done in 82 minutes - nearly 25 feet per minute. However, the tree climbing world record is about 50' in 13.65 seconds, or a bit over 250' per minute, and the Climb skill is intended to cover both of those bases.

Of course, tree climbs are clearly sprints, moving at double time, while thousand-foot plus climbs include numerous rest breaks. We can bridge much of the gap by working backwards from my system's "skill sprint" mechanic - cutting a 250' per minute sprint in half to get a "normalized" climb speed of 125' per minute. As for the rock climbing records, we can probably assign CON scores of 18 to the climbers, which gives them the ability to simply 'take' 4 stone of fatigue before things start getting dangerous. Climbing adds 1 stone per minute, and resting removes 1 every 10 minutes. So for every 4 minutes of continuous climbing, you'd need 40 minutes of continuous resting to return to zero.

Let's apply this to the El Capitan climb. 4 minutes 'on,' then 40 off, is 44 minutes. The second stretch puts us at 88 minutes total, 8 minutes active climbing. Third, 12 minutes climbing and 132 total. A half-stretch, 14 minutes climbing and 154 total, and a quarter stretch gives us 165 total minutes, with 15 minutes of continuous climbing, at 193' per minute. As this is a world record climb, we can assume a fair amount of sprinting, as well as simply accepting extra weight, and modern climbing technology to boot. I'll call it a normal climbing speed of 100' per minute, at Level 10 - or 10' per minute, at level 1.

The "catching" mechanic (you get a chance to catch yourself while falling every 10' up to your Climbing skill distance) is definitely less realistic, as even an experienced professional climber would not be able to simply "catch a ledge" after a 50 foot fall, but it does keep things interesting and allow for additional granularity when failing to climb something.

Conclusions
Since I use an action-point system, I realize I have a level of granularity below most people's systems. However, most of this translates well, I think - see this summary of my per-Round movement speeds:
Walking: 20'
Running: 64' (or just simplify to 60')
Sprinting: 85'
Top Speed: 160'
Climbing: 1' per level
Sneaking: 2' per level
Swimming: 3' per level